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Društvene mreže i generalno ceo internet se razvija jednom neveratnom brzinom. Zbog toga, nije ni čudo što danas razne online novine, forumi i posebni sajtovi nude mogućnost gde se mogu postaviti lični oglasi i kategorije kao što su ona traži njega za brak ili vezu, kao i naravno, gde on traži nju. Isti ti mali lični oglasi, se i dan danas štampaju u novinama, a čak i postoje posebne novine koje su samo i isklučivo tome posvećene. Ukoliko pratite TV kanale, sigurno ste mogli videti ili čuti za neke emisije gde je tema upoznavanje novih ljudi, brak i slično. Dolaskom interneta i zahvaljujućim novim i raznim tehnologijama, mnogim ljudima je sada pojednostavljeno i znatno olakšano da upoznaju nove prijatelje, srodnu dušu ili partnera za brak. Ništa manje, mogućnost za upoznavanje, druženje i sa novim ljudima koji ne žive u vašoj blizini ili su možda iz dijaspore, je takođe nikad lakše i jednostavnije. Upoznavanje preko interneta - ne poznaje geografske granice. TV SMS oglasi, lični oglasi ili sajt za upoznavanje? Istina je da su novine nekada bili jedan dominantan medij za upoznavanje, koje su koristile osobe zbog određenih razloga manjak vremena, previše obaveza a koje nisu pronašle životnog saputnika. Došlo je do velike promene kada su neke TV stanice, uvele mogućnost SMS oglasa SMS upoznavanje putem poruka, koje su se prikazivale kao lični oglasi sa brojem telefona pokretna traka, uglavnom u donjem delu ekrana. Samim tim, takvi oglasi su znatno ugrozile štampane novine iz jednog jednostavnog razloga - mnogo više ljudi gleda TV, nego što čita novine. Zašto ona traži njega za brak preko interneta Internet više nije stvar budućnosti, već je stvar sadašnjosti i koji nudi mnoge prednosti a zašto ih ne bi iskoristili i vi, kada sve više ljudi koristi sajtove za upoznavanje online. Lični oglasi po novinama kao i na TV stanicama, nisu previše pouzdani a osim toga, zahtevaju previše vremena, ali i nerava. Iz iskustva znamo da takav pokušaj upoznavanja, ne garantuje uspeh. Zbog toga i postoji i sajt za upoznavanje kao što je to , koji je i zrele ljude, koji znaju šta traže ali i šta mogu da ponude. Naš sajt je bezbedan, siguran, moderan i pre svega jednostavan za korišćenje, a podatak da preko 70% registrovanih devojaka i žena koje su se izjasnile na profilma gde ona traži njega za brak ili ozbiljnu vezu, govori o tome da su na sajtu isključivo ozbiljni ljudi koji ne žele da troše svoje ali ni tuđe vreme na pogrešne ljude. Ukoliko ste ozbiljni po pitanju pronalaženja partnera, dobrodošli ste da se besplatno registrujete. Nakon što ste podneli zahtev za članstvo i nakon što je nalog odobren, na sajtu vas očekuje preko 2000 profila sa slikama i detaljnom popunjenim profilima, iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Crne Gore, Hrvatske, Makedonije, Slovenije kao i iz inostranstva.

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Tražim muškarca za brak. Жели креативног и допадљивог мушкарца. Na tom mestu nije sigurna. Predivnog karaktera, vesela i umiljata. Sa njom ce vam svaki dan biti zanimljiv i ispunjen smehom. Došlo je do velike promene kada su neke TV stanice, uvele mogućnost SMS oglasa SMS upoznavanje putem poruka, koje su se prikazivale kao lični oglasi sa brojem telefona pokretna traka, uglavnom u donjem delu ekrana. Ljubavna pravila za muškarce. Are you solo for a high-class escort, a charming and sexy lady with which you can enjoy exciting and interesting conversations?.

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Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. The immediate postpartum time-from a few weeks to 40 days or more is filled with hormones, messes, love, funky mom odors, breastmilk scents and breastmilk poops, and newborn baby-scent-primal, cries, devotions, thanks, sleep-deprivation, confusion, physical exertion and more. Continuous support for women during childbirth Cochrane Review. I would hire her again if my husband and I have more children.

Eleven women were primiparous and one woman was multiparous. In The Cochrane Library, 1, 2004. The reassurance and encouragement that doulas provided the study participants included assisting the women to prepare for the birth, to make it through labor, and to cope with the pain of labor, and assuring the woman that she was doing well throughout her labor. CATHERINE CARR is an associate professor in the Department of Family and Child Nursing at the University of Washington, Seattle.

Jenne Alderks, M.Ed., CD/PCD(DONA) - Implications for practice the different supporting roles of doulas and midwives in maternity care should be addressed.

We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. You may notice problems with the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. The pilot qualitative study presented in this article explored women's perceptions of the doula support they received in the perinatal period, with the aim of describing details of their experiences. Study participants were 12 women who had hospital births with the support of a certified doula. In-depth interviews were conducted postpartum with all 12 participants. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Emerging themes included support for husbands, tailored approaches, reassurance and encouragement, fulfillment of the women's desire for support from an experienced woman, and praise for the doula. The findings suggest that the doulas were beneficial in multiple areas for their clients. The term was originally used to describe a woman who provides postpartum care. The use of doulas is gaining popularity throughout North America. However, few investigations have examined how childbearing women view the care provided by their doulas. In a Maternity Center Association survey of a national sample of 1,583 women, 79 5% reported having a doula, defined as a trained labor assistant present at their birth. The positive impact of labor support by doulas on obstetrical outcomes has been reported in a number of studies , but a comprehensive examination of women's overall experiences with doula support has received less attention. The purpose of the current pilot qualitative study was to investigate the experiences of childbearing women who received doula support during the perinatal period. Data Collection Women who were eligible for participation in the study were between the ages of 18 and 50 years old, had had a hospital birth, would be 6 to 20 weeks postpartum at the time of the interview, and could speak and read English. Participants also had to have been accompanied by a certified doula at their most recent birth. Although the numerous doula-certifying agencies differ, certification generally requires didactic coursework, attendance at births, and documentation of the support provided. It is important to note that certification does not signify standardization of education or experience. Additionally, the study focus was on the women's experience of doula care, and information about individual doula experience was not collected. Recruitment took place through the assistance of certified doulas in the Puget Sound area of Washington State. The primary researcher attended meetings of two doula organizations to explain the study and provide study information forms to more than 40 doulas to give to their clients. Doulas also had the option of contacting clients by e-mail or telephone to explain the study and, then, mailing the client a self-addressed, stamped envelope with the study information. Participating doulas received a script to use in describing the study to prospective participants. Women who agreed to be contacted provided contact information and returned it to the investigator in a self-addressed, stamped envelope. Upon receipt of the form, the investigator contacted the prospective subject to screen for eligibility, answered any general questions, and scheduled an interview. Interviews, which averaged 60 minutes, were conducted with 12 women in their homes between 7 and 16 weeks postpartum. Interview topics included four categories of doula support physical, emotional, informational, and advocacy , specific aspects of support, and future use and recommendation of doulas. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Participant Demographic Characteristics Thirteen women were contacted and volunteered to participate in the study. One woman was excluded because her most recent birth was a home birth, leaving a sample of 12 women. The average age was 33. In general, the participants were Euro-American, upper-middle class, well educated, and partnered. The reported ethnic background of eight women was white; two women were Asian or Pacific Islander, and two were mixed ethnicity. All had completed some postsecondary education, differing only in the type of degree they received, with a range from associate degree to graduate degree. All participants reported having a male partner, and 11 were married. The women themselves paid for the doula services. A consultant for Pacific Association for Labor Support stated that the study's sample of self-pay clientele is representative of Washington State, as doula services are not customarily covered by a third-party payer S. Capestany, personal communication, April 2003. Participant Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes Pregnancy and birth outcomes were similar for the participants. Eleven women were primiparous and one woman was multiparous. All 11 of the primiparous women attended childbirth education classes. Ten of the births were vaginal, and two were cesarean. The gestational age of the newborn averaged 40. The number and composition of birth companions varied considerably. Eleven of the 12 women reported having their partners present; six women reported having a family member s present; two women reported having a friend s present; all had nurses present; and 11 reported having doula s present one doula was not present at a cesarean birth. Six women reported that their providers were present during labor, and 11 had physicians present during birth. One participant had a midwife present for both labor and birth. Half of the sample six gave birth in one hospital, two gave birth in another hospital, and the remaining four gave birth in other hospitals, for a total of six different hospitals. The reported newborn gender included six female babies and six male babies. Data Analysis The current study used content analysis. Content analysis is conducted by identifying, coding, and categorizing primary patterns that emerge from the data ;. A set of codes was created after the primary investigator reviewed the transcripts. Codes were labeled manually in the margins of the transcripts, followed by a test for reliability. After reliability was reached, a data matrix, defined as a table of cases and their associated variables, was created. For the present study, the cases were the subjects and the variables were the codes, some of which were combined to create a theme. Finally, an average was calculated for each theme. Three types of reliability are distinguished: stability, reproducibility, and accuracy. It is used when the same coder codes the same data at various points in time. Stability can detect inconsistencies, but it is the weakest type of reliability. Reproducibility is considered a more robust method than stability. The most powerful method of measuring reliability in content analysis is accuracy. Accuracy is assessed by comparing coder or instrument performance against a gold-standard performance or measure. Because this study had a single coder and no standard measurement or tools existed, stability was used. Stability is an appropriate method of evaluating reliability for narrative data. Stability is achieved by conducting periodic checks throughout the coding process as well as analysis for consistency. For the current study, the intrarater agreement was in the 90th percentile range. The formula used to calculate agreement percentages is presented in the. RESULTS Analysis of the interviews indicated that the study participants had positive experiences with their doula support. Doulas were able to assist the women in meeting their birth expectations, and the women often stated that doulas provided exceptional support. Themes that emerged from analysis included the following: support for husbands, tailored approaches, reassurance and encouragement, the ability to fulfill the women's desire for the support of an experienced woman, and praise for the doula. Support for Husbands: Doulas Are Not Just for Pregnant Women Although the mother was the focus of support, study participants mentioned that their doula s also provided support for their husbands. The 11 married participants mentioned support for their husbands at least once and an average of 2. Most women wanted someone to support their husbands, and one woman felt it was not the husband's role to be the sole provider of labor support. Four women mentioned that doulas offered relief to their husbands, allowing them to eat, rest, take a break, and sleep. The support for the husbands was twofold: The doula s helped the husbands help their wives and provided direct support for the husbands. The concept of individual care is linked to the notion that each woman's birth experience is its own event. The doulas' support for the women's individual needs before labor included such assistance as providing home-baked cookies, offering a follow-up phone call, and clarifying the birth plan. During labor, support included providing massage, protecting the woman's peace, holding a hand, and simply sitting next to the woman as she stared at a crack on the floor. Participants also mentioned several times that they felt the doula was focused solely on her client and that, unlike the medical providers, the doulas did not have to take care of anyone else. Reassurance and Encouragement The terms and concepts surrounding reassurance and encouragement emerged in 11 of 12 interviews, averaging 2. Reassurance and encouragement were not mentioned in the interview with a second-time mother. The reassurance and encouragement that doulas provided the study participants included assisting the women to prepare for the birth, to make it through labor, and to cope with the pain of labor, and assuring the woman that she was doing well throughout her labor. Two study participants stated that reassurance and encouragement were the exclusive forms of support their doula gave them. The Support of a Woman Experienced in Childbirth The importance of having the presence of a woman who is experienced in childbirth, either personally or through training, was mentioned in all interviews, with an average of two times per interview. Participants reported feeling good about the fact that their doula had attended many births and had been through the birth experience herself although not all doulas have. Additionally, participants reported feeling encouraged by the fact that a woman was present to provide physical support. You tie into this ancient energy. DISCUSSION The current study's findings suggest that doulas are beneficial to their clients in many areas. By providing unique and exclusive support tailored to meet each woman's specific needs, doulas assist women in achieving the birth experience they desire. Additionally, 11 of the 12 study participants reported they would choose to have a doula again, and all reported they would recommend doulas to other women. The women were also fond of their doulas and had high regard for their support. Only one participant stated that she and her husband might not want a doula again because they had learned so much from their doulas and, therefore, might not need one at their next birth. The women in the current study's sample had the same model of doula contact and support. The model of doula contact included selecting a doula, having both prenatal and postpartum visits, and having the doula present at the hospital for the birth. The women also received similar types of emotional, physical, and informational support and advocacy. The similarity may be the result of doula certification, which emphasizes this model and philosophy of care. The form of care participants received may have influenced their perceptions. Other possible types of doula care include an on-call system or a coordinator who selects the doula. In these models of care, the woman does not choose the doula herself. The on-call version entails the doula meeting the woman for the first time at the birth; thus, no prenatal component exists, and a postpartum component may or may not be present. The coordinator-selection version can put the doula in contact with the woman prenatally; however, the prenatal and postpartum contact can vary on an individual basis or by program. Although few studies have examined women's experiences with doulas, the findings of the current study are comparable to those of a hospital-based study conducted in Mexico, which evaluated the psychosocial support given to laboring women by doulas. In both studies, women spoke of the advantages of doula support during times of doubt. For example, the studies found that doulas meet informational needs, helping women understand medical interventions and language and providing reassurance about the birth process in general. Additionally, women in both studies reported feeling they were part of the birth process and were, for the most part, active participants in that they felt a sense of control over their experience. Women in both studies also reported feelings of satisfaction, having the opportunity to ask questions and receiving emotional support. Significant findings include women choosing a doula because they desire support by a woman experienced in childbirth. The women also expressed a wish for the support of their husbands. The current pilot qualitative study is unique in its examination of the use of certified doulas with a self-pay clientele. Significant findings also include women choosing a doula because they desire support by a woman experienced in childbirth. The women also expressed a wish for the support of their husbands. These themes have not been examined in previous studies and may contribute information to both doulas and providers about their clients' needs. Study Limitations Generalization is limited by the homogeneity and small size of the sample. The experiences of women who were missing from the sample e. Other limitations to generalization include varying institutional procedures, policies, and protocols for both staff and doulas that may influence women's birth experiences. Although the study's sample was representative of western Washington, it may not be similar to other regions in the United States. Another limitation is that selection bias occurred on two fronts. First, doulas selected the clients to recruit as potential subjects and, second, women self-selected to participate in the study. The experiences of the women who were eligible but did not participate are unknown and could differ from those described in the present sample. Doulas and subjects may have chosen to be in the study based mainly on a positive outcome or experience. Therefore, negative outcomes or experiences could be missing from the sample. Additionally, the sample consisted mainly of primiparous women. Although the one multiparous participant had many experiences similar to those of the other participants, her experiences cannot be assumed to be typical of other multiparous women. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE The fact that only two qualitative studies in very different settings have been conducted on doula support suggests a need for further research to compare analyses and to further identify the effects and methods of doula support. A larger, multisite study including a more demographically and geographically diverse sample would be beneficial. In addition, more research is warranted to examine the doula's work and experiences. In the current study, women found doula support to be extremely positive. Including information about the role of doula care in education programs for physicians and nurses, in continuing education classes, and in childbirth education classes would encourage cross-disciplinary practices that ultimately benefit the childbearing family. In addition to the positive points identified in this study, doula services provided at the hospital may offer additional support to the labor-and-birth team, thereby relieving part of the burden on the staff while maintaining adequate support for the laboring woman and her family. Doula support also has the potential to increase a woman's satisfaction with her birth experience. With their potential to increase patient satisfaction, doula services provided in the hospital may also help increase the facility's revenue. If doulas can be linked to improved outcomes, potential health benefits to the childbearing population, as well as cost savings to the health-care system, may be realized. Examining women's experiences with doula support can provide insight into best practices. Ultimately, the information may fill the gap in knowledge about how doulas may influence obstetric and infant outcomes—information that would greatly benefit public health-care practices and, specifically, maternal- and child-health-care practices. If doulas can be linked to improved outcomes, potential health benefits to the childbearing population, as well as cost savings to the health-care system, may be realized. Supportive care provided by doulas may increase the potential for a positive, long-term effect. The researchers thank all participants in this study; Solmaz Shotorbani for reviewing the manuscript; and Michelle Bell, PhD, and Penny Simkin, PT, for their instruction and support in this investigation. The study was supported by grant 6T76 MC 00011 from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau Title V, Social Security Act , the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the U. Department of Health and Human Services. JODI KOUMOUITZES-DOUVIA is a Master of Public Health graduate from the Maternal and Child Public Health Leadership Training Program at the University of Washington, Seattle. After completing the research presented here and being inspired by the study participants' narratives, Koumouitzes-Douvia underwent training and is now a doula. CATHERINE CARR is an associate professor in the Department of Family and Child Nursing at the University of Washington, Seattle. She obtained her midwifery education at the Frontier School of Midwifery and Family Nursing in Hyden, Kentucky, and received her Doctor of Public Health degree from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In addition to her faculty responsibilities, Carr continues to practice as a midwife in the Seattle area. Social Science and Medicine. R, Sakala C, Corry M. P, Applebaum S, Risher P. Listening to mothers: Report of the first national U. New York: Maternity Center Association. Content analysis: Method, applications, and issues. Health Care for Women International. Continuous support for women during childbirth Cochrane Review. In The Cochrane Library, 1, 2004. Comprehensive accreditation manual for hospitals: The official handbook. Oak Brook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission Resources. Doulas: An alternative yet complimentary addition to care during childbirth. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books. Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Qualitative research methods for health professionals 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Qualitative evaluation and research method 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. The tender gift: Breastfeeding. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Just another day in a woman's life? Women's long-term perceptions of their first birth experience.

Myth Busting: I'll Take A Doula and an Epidural
A larger, multisite study including a more demographically and geographically diverse sample would be beneficial. Doulas: An alternative yet complimentary addition to care during childbirth. Having a doula allows the pan to support his partner emotionally during and to also enjoy the experience without the added pressure of trying to remember everything he learned in childbirth class. In general, the participants were Euro-American, upper-middle class, well educated, and partnered. She was incredibly supportive and a comfort during the sin of my child. Oxytocin: Crossing the bridge between basic science and pharmacotherapy. The most powerful method of measuring reliability in content analysis is accuracy. I would encourage any family who is looking for a Doula to consider her. I am so grateful to Jenne. Custodes were analyzed using content analysis. The new European data protection law requires us to inform you of the following before you use our website: We use cookies and other technologies to customize your experience, perform analytics single women and doula support deliver personalized advertising on our sites, apps and newsletters and across the Internet met on your interests.